Introduction International relationships involving Turkish citizens and foreign nationals are increasingly common, leading to complex legal issues in the fields of custody and alimony when relationships end. These disputes often require the application of both national and international law, as they involve cross-border elements. This article examines the legal framework for resolving custody and alimony […]
Introduction The growth of international trade has increased the need for efficient transportation networks and the legal frameworks that govern disputes arising from cross-border transport activities. Given Turkey’s strategic location at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, international transportation plays a significant role in its economy. Disputes arising from land, sea, and air transportation present […]
Introduction The globalization of the workforce has resulted in an increasing number of employment relationships involving foreign employers and local employees in Turkey. These cross-border employment arrangements can lead to legal disputes over jurisdiction and applicable law. This article explores the legal framework regulating such employment disputes, focusing on Turkish law’s interaction with international regulations, […]
Introduction The rapid growth of international e-commerce has transformed the way businesses and consumers engage in trade. In Turkey, the legal framework governing cross-border e-commerce must address the protection of personal data and consumer rights to foster trust and ensure compliance with international standards. This article explores the legal challenges associated with international e-commerce in […]
Introduction International trade plays a vital role in economic growth and globalization, requiring seamless processes to move goods across borders efficiently. In Turkey, customs regulations are essential for ensuring that imports and exports comply with both national laws and international trade agreements. This article examines the legal framework governing customs operations in Turkey, explores compliance […]
Introduction A letter of credit (LoC) is a widely used financial instrument in international trade that ensures payment to the seller, provided specific conditions outlined in the agreement are fulfilled. In Turkey, the operation of letters of credit is governed by Turkish Banking Law and international banking practices, particularly those outlined by the International Chamber […]
Introduction Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) play a vital role in facilitating regional economic integration by reducing or eliminating trade barriers between member countries. However, these regional agreements must align with World Trade Organization (WTO) rules to avoid disrupting the global trading system. This article explores the legal structure of FTAs, the challenges of ensuring WTO […]
Introduction In the modern global economy, intellectual property rights (IPR) are vital for fostering innovation, economic growth, and maintaining a competitive advantage. Patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets enable companies to protect their innovations across borders, yet the enforcement of these rights often leads to complex legal and diplomatic challenges in international trade. This article […]
Introduction Compulsory licensing allows governments to authorize the use of a patented product or process without the consent of the patent holder, typically for reasons related to public health, national emergencies, or anti-competitive practices. Although this mechanism ensures access to essential medicines, it raises concerns for foreign pharmaceutical companies that rely on patent protection for […]
Introduction The Digital Services Tax (DST) in Turkey is part of a global trend to address the taxation challenges posed by the digital economy. As technology companies deliver cross-border services without a physical presence, governments have introduced new frameworks to ensure they pay their fair share of taxes. Implemented in 2020, Turkey’s DST targets digital […]