Introduction Disciplinary sanctions against civil servants in Turkey are one of the most important areas of Turkish administrative law. Civil servants and other public officials are subject to special duties, obligations and restrictions because they perform public services on behalf of the state. When a public official allegedly violates these duties, the administration may initiate […]
Introduction Deportation decisions in Turkey are among the most serious administrative acts affecting foreigners. A deportation decision may result in removal from Turkey, loss of residence rights, separation from family members, disruption of employment, interruption of education, restriction on future entry and, in some cases, administrative detention in a removal center. For this reason, challenging […]
Introduction Administrative fines in Turkey are among the most common forms of public-law sanctions imposed by state authorities, municipalities, regulatory bodies and other public institutions. Unlike criminal fines, which are imposed by criminal courts as a result of a criminal conviction, administrative fines are imposed directly by administrative authorities for violations defined by law as […]
Introduction Deadlines in administrative litigation in Turkey are among the most critical issues in public law disputes. A person or company may have a strong legal argument against an unlawful administrative decision, but if the lawsuit is filed after the statutory deadline, the court may reject the case without examining the merits. For this reason, […]
Introduction Full remedy actions in Turkey are one of the most important legal tools for individuals, companies and foreign investors who suffer damage due to the acts, actions or omissions of public authorities. In Turkish administrative law, public institutions are not immune from liability. If the administration causes damage while exercising public authority or carrying […]
Introduction Annulment actions in Turkey are among the most important legal remedies available against unlawful administrative decisions. In Turkish administrative law, public authorities have the power to issue unilateral decisions that may directly affect individuals, companies, foreign investors, property owners, civil servants, taxpayers and regulated businesses. These decisions may involve residence permits, deportation orders, tax […]
Introduction Door-to-door sales and off-premises contracts are among the most sensitive areas of Turkish Consumer Law. These transactions often occur outside ordinary commercial settings, such as at the consumer’s home, workplace, school, hospital, hotel, public event, promotional meeting, excursion, fair, or another place where the consumer does not expect to make a purchase. Because the […]
Introduction Consumer compensation claims in Turkey are an important part of Turkish Consumer Law. A consumer may suffer financial loss, loss of use, repair expenses, substitute service costs, medical expenses, travel expenses, wasted holiday time, emotional distress, personal injury, damage to property, or reputational harm because of a defective product, defective service, misleading advertisement, unsafe […]
Introduction Online marketplace return policies in Turkey are one of the most important areas of modern consumer law. Consumers buy clothes, electronics, cosmetics, furniture, home appliances, books, toys, digital products, vehicle parts, personal care products, and many other goods through online platforms every day. These transactions are convenient, but they also create frequent disputes: the […]
Introduction Counterfeit and non-original products are a serious consumer protection issue in Turkey. Consumers may purchase shoes, bags, cosmetics, perfumes, watches, electronics, mobile phone accessories, spare parts, clothing, toys, medical products, supplements, luxury goods, automotive parts, software, or household products believing that they are original, branded, authentic, licensed, imported, or authorized. After payment, the consumer […]