Introduction Mandatory mediation in Turkey has become a central part of the country’s civil justice system. In many private law disputes, a claimant cannot immediately file a lawsuit before the competent Turkish court. The claimant must first apply to a registered mediator and complete the mediation procedure. This requirement is commonly described as mandatory mediation, […]
Introduction to Mediation Law in Turkey Mediation has become one of the most important alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in the Turkish legal system. Over the last decade, Turkey has gradually expanded the scope of mediation, particularly mandatory mediation, to reduce the workload of courts, promote negotiated settlements and enable parties to resolve disputes more efficiently. […]
Introduction Competition law and arbitration pursue different but potentially complementary objectives. Arbitration allows commercial parties to resolve disputes in a private, neutral and specialist forum. The parties may select the arbitrators, determine the procedural language, choose the seat of arbitration and adopt rules suited to the complexity of their transaction. Competition law, by contrast, protects […]
Introduction Insolvency and arbitration are governed by two legal systems built around different objectives. Arbitration is based principally on party autonomy. Commercial parties agree that disputes arising from a particular legal relationship will be resolved privately by a sole arbitrator or arbitral tribunal rather than by an ordinary court. Bankruptcy, by contrast, is a collective […]
Introduction Arbitration can provide a neutral, specialist and internationally enforceable method of resolving commercial disputes. It may nevertheless require substantial financial resources. A complex arbitration may involve: Even a company with a legally strong claim may prefer not to allocate several million dollars to a dispute that could continue for years. A claimant may have […]
Introduction The selection of the arbitral tribunal is one of the most important stages of any arbitration. Unlike court litigation, where the judge is assigned through the judicial system, arbitration generally allows the parties to participate directly or indirectly in choosing the individuals who will decide their dispute. This freedom is one of arbitration’s principal […]
Introduction Commercial arbitration frequently involves questions that cannot be resolved through contractual interpretation alone. A tribunal may need to understand why a construction project was delayed, whether machinery complied with technical specifications, how a company should be valued, whether software contained a security defect or how much profit a business would have earned without the […]
Introduction Renewable energy has become one of the most important areas of infrastructure investment in Türkiye. Solar power plants, wind farms, hydroelectric facilities and electricity storage projects require significant capital, long-term regulatory planning, specialised engineering and complex contractual structures. As of the end of May 2026, Türkiye’s installed electricity capacity reached 125,598 MW. Hydroelectric power […]
Introduction Türkiye’s strategic position between the Black Sea, the Mediterranean, the Aegean Sea and major international trade routes makes maritime transport an important part of commercial activity connected with the country. Shipowners, charterers, cargo interests, freight forwarders, insurers, commodity traders, ship managers, port operators and financial institutions may become involved in disputes concerning vessels, cargo, […]
Introduction Mergers and acquisitions are among the most complex commercial transactions conducted in Türkiye. A typical acquisition may involve a share purchase agreement, disclosure letter, shareholders’ agreement, escrow arrangement, transitional services agreement, financing documents, management contracts and regulatory filings. Even where the parties complete extensive legal, financial and tax due diligence, disputes may arise before […]