Seller’s Liability for Hidden Defects Discovered After a Property Sale in Turkey Introduction A property may look perfectly normal when it is purchased and transferred at the Land Registry, yet serious problems may emerge months or even years later. Water leakage may appear after the first heavy rain. Structural defects may only become visible after […]
Buying real estate often begins long before the title deed is formally transferred. A prospective buyer may pay a “deposit,” “reservation fee,” or “kapora” to the seller or real estate agent to demonstrate seriousness and prevent the property from being sold to somebody else. Problems arise when the transaction never reaches completion. The seller may […]
Introduction Purchasing real estate is often one of the most significant financial decisions an individual or investor will ever make. Buyers commonly rely not only on the seller but also on the statements, advertisements, representations, documents and professional guidance provided by real estate agents. Problems arise when the property turns out to be materially different […]
Introduction Following a major aircraft accident, attention normally focuses first on the airline. However, an aircraft accident is not necessarily caused exclusively by pilot error, adverse weather or operational negligence. A defective aircraft design, manufacturing irregularity, faulty component, software problem, engine failure or inadequate warning by the manufacturer may cause the accident or materially increase […]
A Rapidly Expanding Area of Aviation and Commercial Law Lithium batteries have become indispensable to modern life. Smartphones, laptops, power banks, drones, cameras, e-bikes, electric vehicles and industrial equipment increasingly depend on rechargeable lithium-based energy systems. The same technology, however, creates a significant aviation safety risk. A defective, damaged, improperly manufactured or incorrectly packed lithium […]
When a Family Member Becomes “Baggage” in Aviation Law For many passengers, a dog or cat travelling with them is not luggage. It is a family member. Aviation law, however, can produce a very different legal classification. Imagine that a passenger travels from Istanbul to Paris with a dog. The airline accepts the animal at […]
Can You Legally Film a Wedding, House or Person with a Drone in Turkey? A drone flying over a wedding venue can create spectacular cinematic footage. A real estate agency can show an entire villa, garden and coastline in a thirty-second aerial video. Hotels, construction companies, event organisers and social-media agencies increasingly use drones as […]
Who Pays When a Maintenance Error Becomes a Multi-Million-Dollar Problem? The safe operation of a commercial aircraft does not depend solely on decisions made by pilots in the cockpit. Thousands of components—from engines and landing gear to braking systems and avionics—must be inspected, maintained, repaired and replaced in accordance with highly detailed technical and regulatory […]
Introduction In the modern commercial aviation industry, the acquisition of an aircraft is far more complex than an ordinary purchase of goods. Particularly in transactions involving commercial aircraft with purchase or financing values ranging from approximately USD 50 million to USD 100–150 million or more, airlines generally do not prefer to fund the entire purchase […]
Introduction A Turkish airline does not necessarily need to purchase an aircraft outright in order to add a new Airbus A320neo, A321neo, A330, A350, Boeing 737 MAX, 787, or a similar aircraft to its fleet. In modern commercial aviation, a significant portion of airline fleets are operated through aircraft leasing structures, under which ownership of […]