Foreign direct investment rules in Turkey give foreign investors broad market access, equal treatment, and several business-entry routes. This legal guide explains the core FDI framework in Türkiye, including Law No. 4875, company formation, branch and liaison office options, sector limits, profit transfers, E-TUYS filings, and foreign personnel rules. Introduction For a new market entrant, […]
Why Turkey is an attractive jurisdiction for foreign business formation depends on more than market size alone. This legal guide explains the advantages of forming a business in Turkey, including equal treatment for foreign investors, modern company law, fast incorporation, strategic market access, incentives, a young workforce, and a growing startup ecosystem. Introduction For foreign […]
Turkish Commercial Code and its impact on company formation in Turkey explained in English. Learn how the TCC shapes company types, incorporation, articles of association, minimum capital, management, foreign investment, registration, and post-incorporation obligations. Introduction The Turkish Commercial Code and its impact on company formation cannot be understood only as a technical subject for registry […]
Learn how to close, liquidate, or restructure a company in Turkey. This legal guide explains dissolution, liquidation, deregistration, additional liquidation, reversal from liquidation, mergers, divisions, and type conversion under Turkish law. Introduction Closing, liquidating, or restructuring a company in Turkey is not a single legal act. Under Turkish law, these are different processes with different […]
Learn how foreigners can open a business in Turkey legally, including company types, MERSIS registration, foreign shareholder documents, minimum capital rules, branch and liaison office options, work permits, residence permits, and post-incorporation compliance. Introduction For many international entrepreneurs, the first question is not whether Turkey is commercially attractive, but whether foreigners can open a business […]
Legal obligations after incorporation in Turkey include tax registration, social security setup, corporate books, e-notification, annual general assembly procedures, independent audit compliance, and foreign-investment reporting. This guide explains the key post-incorporation duties for Turkish companies. Introduction In Turkey, incorporation is not the end of the legal process. It is the point at which a company […]
Independent audit requirements for companies in Turkey depend on company type, sector, and financial thresholds. This legal guide explains which Turkish companies must undergo independent audit, how the threshold tests work, who appoints the auditor, what the audit covers, and what happens if a company fails to comply. Introduction Independent audit requirements for companies in […]
Sector-specific restrictions in Turkish company formation law can affect foreign ownership, board composition, licensing, share transfers, and articles of association. This guide explains how regulated sectors such as broadcasting, maritime, civil aviation, finance, insurance, and capital markets are treated under Turkish law. Introduction Sector-specific restrictions in Turkish company formation law are one of the most […]
Learn how to draft a compliant articles of association in Turkey, including mandatory clauses, MERSIS drafting, Turkish-language requirements, signing formalities, filing deadlines, foreign-founder documents, and amendment rules for Turkish companies. Introduction Drafting a compliant articles of association in Turkey is not just a paperwork task. It is the legal foundation of the company’s identity, governance, […]
Common legal mistakes in company formation in Turkey can delay registration, increase cost, and create long-term governance problems. This guide explains the most frequent errors founders and foreign investors make when forming a Turkish company and how to avoid them. Introduction Company formation in Turkey looks deceptively simple from the outside. Official investment guidance describes […]