Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Court Judgments The recognition and enforcement of judgments rendered by foreign courts so that they may produce legal effects in another country is one of the important subjects of private international law. As a general rule, a judgment rendered by the court of a state produces its legal effects only […]
International Jurisdiction of Turkish Courts In private law disputes involving a foreign element, determining the international jurisdiction of Turkish courts is one of the fundamental issues of private international law. The fact that a dispute involves a foreign element does not necessarily mean that the case must be heard by a foreign court. Likewise, the […]
Non-Contractual Obligations Arising from Torts under MÖHUK In cases involving a foreign element, determining the law applicable to obligations arising from torts is one of the important issues of Turkish Private International Law. Situations in which the tortfeasor and the injured party are nationals of different countries, the harmful act occurs in one country while […]
What Law Applies When Foreigners Enter into Contracts in Türkiye and When Turkish Citizens Enter into Contracts with Foreigners? Are Turkish Courts Competent to Hear Contractual Disputes? Contracts involving a foreign element are among the most common areas of international private law. The fact that one of the parties is a foreign national, that the […]
Convertible financing has become one of the most widely used methods for funding early-stage startups around the world. Instead of determining a precise company valuation and issuing shares immediately, an investor may provide financing to the startup today with the expectation that the investment will later convert into equity. This type of structure can be […]
A term sheet is one of the first major legal documents used during a startup investment process. When founders and investors begin discussing a financing round, they usually negotiate several commercial issues before preparing the final investment documents. These issues may include: Rather than immediately drafting a lengthy investment agreement and shareholders’ agreement, the parties […]
Under Which Law Do the Establishment of Parentage and Adoption Procedures of Foreign Nationals Fall? What Is the Jurisdiction of Turkish Courts? In family law disputes involving a foreign element, the establishment of parentage, the effects of parentage, and adoption are among the important issues of private international law. In particular, where the child, mother, […]
Die rechtliche Due-Diligence-Prüfung ist einer der wichtigsten Schritte bei einer Investition in ein Startup. Wenn ein Business Angel, ein Venture-Capital-Fonds, ein institutioneller Investor oder ein strategischer Käufer eine Investition in ein türkisches Startup erwägt, möchte er in der Regel sicherstellen, dass das Unternehmen die behaupteten Anteile rechtmäßig besitzt und dass keine versteckten Risiken bestehen
Which Law Governs the Capacity, Guardianship, Restriction and Trusteeship of Foreign Nationals, and When Are Turkish Courts Competent? Metni birebir kelime kelime çevirmek yerine, MÖHUK (Turkish Private International Law) terminolojisini İngilizce hukuk diline uygun şekilde aktaracağım. Özellikle ehliyet → legal capacity, vesayet → guardianship, kısıtlılık → restriction of legal capacity, kayyımlık → trusteeship/curatorship, millî hukuk […]
How Can Foreign Nationals Living in Türkiye Get Divorced? The divorce process for foreign nationals living in Türkiye requires the consideration of many factors together, including the parties’ nationalities, their residence status in Türkiye, the spouses’ common place of life, and the country with which the marriage is connected. A foreign national living in Türkiye […]