Crypto assets have created a new category of dispute in divorce litigation. A spouse may have no real estate, securities or significant bank balance in their name, yet may control Bitcoin, Ethereum, stablecoins or other digital assets worth millions of Turkish lira. The practical difficulty is obvious: traditional assets are normally connected to registries, banks […]
Crypto fraud cases often begin with the same question: “The scammer is gone, but the money passed through a bank and a crypto exchange. Can I recover my loss from them?” Under Turkish law, the answer is increasingly important—and increasingly nuanced. A victim may have transferred Turkish lira from a bank account to a crypto […]
A crypto investor opens an exchange account, purchases digital assets and later decides to transfer those assets to another exchange or a private wallet. The transfer request is submitted, but instead of receiving a blockchain transaction ID, the user sees a message such as “withdrawals temporarily suspended,” “account under review,” “risk control,” “compliance review,” or […]
Winning a lawsuit is not the same thing as collecting the money. A creditor may have a signed contract, unpaid invoices, written acknowledgements of debt and a commercially strong claim. Yet none of those documents will matter if the debtor spends the next two years transferring every valuable asset out of reach. The warning signs […]
A creditor obtains a clear claim against a debtor. Before enforcement becomes effective, the debtor begins transferring assets: When enforcement proceedings finally reach the attachment stage, the debtor appears to own almost nothing. The debtor’s position is: “Those assets no longer belong to me. They belong to third parties, so you cannot seize them.” Under […]
A company has substantial cash. It also has shareholders, creditors and an operating business. Then one shareholder—usually a controlling shareholder who also manages the company—begins transferring money to another company that he or she owns or controls. The transfers may be described in the accounting records as: But there may be no genuine commercial reason […]
A creditor obtains a judgment or begins enforcement proceedings against a company. Then something strange happens. The debtor company gradually stops operating. Its machinery is sold. Its vehicles disappear. Its inventory is transferred. Its trademark begins to be used by another company. Its employees move to another entity. The customers continue purchasing the same products, […]
One of the most serious disputes inside a privately held company begins with a simple discovery. The company should have money. The bank account says otherwise. When the accounting records are examined, substantial amounts appear to have been transferred to another company controlled by the majority shareholder, a director, a family member or a business […]
Introduction The shares have been transferred. The buyer controls the company. The seller has completed the closing. But part of the purchase price has not yet been paid. Instead, the Share Purchase Agreement (“SPA”) provides that the seller will receive an additional payment if the target company reaches certain post-closing performance targets. For example: The […]
The due diligence process is completed. The virtual data room has been reviewed. Financial statements have been analysed, litigation schedules checked, tax records examined and the Share Purchase Agreement signed. The acquisition closes. Six months later, the buyer discovers something that never appeared in the due diligence materials: an old supplier agreement, an undisclosed lawsuit, […]