For many Turkish health tourism companies, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube and influencer marketing are among the most effective tools for attracting international patients. A typical campaign may look commercially simple: A British influencer receives a free hair transplant in Istanbul. A German content creator travels to Turkey for veneers. A Middle Eastern influencer posts videos from […]
Private Hospital Charged More Than SGK Allows? How Patients Can Recover Excess Medical Fees in Türkiye A patient covered by Türkiye’s Social Security Institution (Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu – SGK) undergoes surgery at a private hospital. Before treatment, the hospital says: “SGK covers part of the treatment, but you need to pay an additional TRY 80,000.” […]
A Practical Legal Guide to Obtaining Hospital Invoices, Itemized Treatment Statements and Medical Records Under Turkish Law A patient leaves a private hospital after surgery, emergency treatment or inpatient care and receives a substantial bill. When the patient later asks what exactly they paid for, however, the hospital refuses to provide an invoice, gives only […]
Can a Patient Claim Compensation When the Expected Result Is Not Achieved After Cosmetic Surgery? A patient undergoes rhinoplasty expecting a smaller and symmetrical nose. Another patient undergoes breast augmentation but is left with visible asymmetry. A facelift results in scarring, or liposuction creates irregularities that did not exist before the operation. The doctor responds: […]
A person dies leaving behind an apartment, a bank account and 20 Bitcoin. The apartment can be identified through the land registry. The bank account can normally be located and transferred to the heirs after the relevant inheritance procedures are completed. But what happens to the Bitcoin? If the cryptocurrency is held on a regulated […]
A Practical Legal Roadmap for Establishing and Licensing a Crypto Asset Service Provider Before the Capital Markets Board of Türkiye Turkey has moved from a relatively unregulated crypto market to one of the most structured licensing regimes in the region. Following the entry into force of Law No. 7518 on the Amendment of the Capital […]
Legal Liability of Directors, Executives and Shareholders of Crypto Companies Under Turkish Law The regulatory transformation of the Turkish crypto market has fundamentally changed the legal position of founders, directors and controlling shareholders of crypto companies. Before 2024, many disputes involving cryptocurrency exchanges were primarily analysed through general contract law, consumer law, tort law and […]
Legal Requirements for Token Issuance and CMB Risk in Turkey Launching a token in Turkey is no longer a legally undefined activity. A project founder may technically create an ERC-20, BEP-20 or similar token within minutes. From a legal perspective, however, deploying a smart contract is only the beginning of the analysis. The critical questions […]
A crypto exchange may be incorporated in Singapore, Dubai, the European Union, the United Kingdom or another jurisdiction and have no company incorporated in Turkey. Yet Turkish residents may still be able to open accounts, trade Bitcoin or USDT, use the mobile application and transfer crypto assets to and from the platform. This creates an […]
A cryptocurrency investor may discover one day that everything appears normal in the account—Bitcoin, USDT, Ethereum or Turkish lira balances are visible—but withdrawals have suddenly been disabled. The platform may display messages such as “withdrawals suspended,” “account under review,” “risk control restriction,” or “compliance investigation.” In some cases, customer support provides no meaningful explanation for […]