Introduction Financial institutions in Turkey play a vital role in corporate finance, consumer finance, trade finance, SME funding, equipment acquisition, receivables financing and alternative credit structures. Although banks are the most visible actors in the Turkish financial system, non-bank financial institutions such as financial leasing companies, factoring companies and financing companies are also essential parts […]
Introduction Banking compliance in Turkey is a central pillar of the Turkish financial system. Banks do not operate as ordinary commercial companies. They collect deposits, extend credit, process payments, manage customer data, participate in financial markets, offer digital banking services, issue guarantees, hold sensitive financial information and create systemic risk. For this reason, Turkish banking […]
Introduction Merchant acquiring in Turkey is a central component of the digital payments ecosystem. Every time a customer pays a merchant by card through a physical POS terminal, virtual POS infrastructure, mobile POS solution, online checkout page, QR payment interface or marketplace payment flow, there is usually an acquiring relationship behind the transaction. The acquiring […]
Introduction Banking-as-a-Service, commonly known as BaaS, is one of the most important legal and commercial developments in Turkey’s financial technology sector. In a BaaS model, a licensed bank provides banking services through the digital interface of another business, usually a fintech platform, marketplace, e-commerce company, mobility application, telecom operator or digital ecosystem provider. The customer […]
Introduction Open banking in Turkey is one of the most important legal and technological developments transforming the Turkish financial sector. Traditional banking was historically based on a closed model: banks collected and stored customer data, and customers accessed financial services mainly through the bank’s own branches, internet banking platforms, mobile applications and call centers. Open […]
Introduction Bank loan defaults in Turkey are among the most significant legal risks faced by companies, individual borrowers, guarantors, shareholders, investors and lenders. A bank loan default may begin with a missed installment, breach of a financial covenant, failure to provide collateral, deterioration of the borrower’s financial position, non-payment of interest, insolvency risk, or violation […]
Introduction Bank liability in Turkey for unauthorized transactions and online banking fraud has become one of the most important legal issues in modern banking litigation. As customers increasingly use mobile banking, internet banking, credit cards, virtual POS systems, QR payments, digital wallets and instant money transfers, financial fraud methods have also become more sophisticated. Phishing […]
Introduction Banking confidentiality in Turkey is one of the core principles of Turkish banking law. Banks hold highly sensitive information about individuals, companies, investors, borrowers, depositors and financial institutions. Account balances, loan records, payment transactions, credit limits, debt history, foreign transfers, investment activity, collateral information, customer identity details and even the fact that a person […]
Introduction Foreign currency loans in Turkey are a critical issue for companies, banks, foreign lenders, investors, project sponsors and corporate borrowers. Turkey has a highly active credit market, and many Turkish companies seek financing in currencies such as USD, EUR and GBP because foreign currency borrowing may offer longer maturities, international lender access, export finance […]
Introduction Factoring and receivables financing in Turkey are important financial tools used by companies that need liquidity before the maturity of their trade receivables. In commercial life, businesses often sell goods or provide services on deferred payment terms. Although the company has issued invoices and generated receivables, it may need immediate cash to pay suppliers, […]