Introduction Turkey is an attractive market for foreign investors because of its strategic location, young population, manufacturing capacity, digital growth, logistics advantages and access to regional markets. However, foreign companies entering Turkey must understand that market entry, acquisitions, distribution agreements, pricing policies, online sales strategies and cooperation with local partners may all fall within the […]
Introduction Turkish Cyber Crimes Law is a rapidly developing area of criminal law, data protection law, internet regulation and corporate compliance. As digital systems become central to banking, e-commerce, public services, healthcare, logistics, communications and social media, cybercrime cases in Turkey are no longer limited to simple hacking allegations. They now involve phishing, ransomware, business […]
Introduction Turkish Competition Law is one of the most important regulatory areas for companies doing business in Turkey. Whether a company is entering the Turkish market, acquiring a local business, operating an online platform, distributing products through dealers, participating in tenders, setting resale prices, or negotiating exclusivity clauses, competition law risks must be assessed carefully. […]
One of the most important issues in private international law is determining which legal rules apply to disputes involving a foreign element. Today, due to the development of international trade, the increasing number of people living abroad, marriages between individuals of different nationalities, and the rise of cross-border legal relationships, it has become very common […]
One of the primary objectives of private international law is to determine which national legal system should apply to disputes involving a foreign element and to ensure the orderly functioning of cross-border legal relations. However, in some cases, the foreign law that should normally be applied may conflict with the fundamental values of the Turkish […]
One of the most important issues in private international law is determining which national law applies to a dispute involving a foreign element. Today, due to increasing cross-border movement of people, the globalization of trade, international marriages, and expanding commercial relations between different countries, it has become very common for a single legal dispute to […]
In the practice of private international law, two of the most frequently encountered concepts are “recognition” and “enforcement.” These institutions play a crucial role in ensuring that foreign court judgments can produce legal effects in Turkey. With the increasing number of international marriages, cross-border litigation, and global commercial relationships, recognition and enforcement actions have become […]
Introduction Islamic finance in Turkey is generally referred to in legal and regulatory language as participation finance or participation banking. Instead of conventional interest-based banking, participation banking is based on principles such as profit-and-loss participation, asset-backed financing, trade-based financing, partnership, leasing, agency and compliance with interest-free finance standards. Turkey has developed a distinctive participation banking […]
Introduction Bankruptcy and insolvency risks are among the most important legal issues in Turkish finance transactions. A loan, credit facility, financial leasing agreement, factoring transaction, project finance structure or cross-border financing arrangement may appear commercially strong at the signing stage, but its true legal strength is tested when the borrower becomes financially distressed. At that […]
Introduction Enforcement of foreign loan agreements in Turkey is a critical issue for foreign banks, international lenders, private credit funds, export credit agencies, development finance institutions, corporate lenders, shareholders and investors financing Turkish borrowers. A foreign loan agreement may be carefully drafted under English law, New York law, Swiss law or another foreign legal system, […]