The legal role of P&I Clubs in maritime claims and shipping disputes is central to modern shipping practice because these clubs sit at the intersection of liability insurance, claims handling, statutory certification, security, and dispute strategy. The International Group of P&I Clubs says its 12 member clubs provide marine liability cover for approximately 87% of […]
Learn the legal value of employee handbooks and workplace policies in Turkey, including how they interact with labor law, personnel regulations, dismissal procedure, KVKK, OHS, and drafting strategy for employers. Introduction Employee handbooks and workplace policies are widely used in Turkey, but they do not operate as a free-standing source of law. Their legal value […]
Learn how employee privacy is regulated in Turkey, including monitoring emails, CCTV, biometric systems, lawful bases under KVKK, employee notices, dismissal risks, and workplace surveillance compliance. Introduction Employee privacy in Turkey is regulated through a combined framework rather than a single workplace-surveillance law. The key legal sources are the Constitution of the Republic of Türkiye, […]
Learn the main HR data protection rules in Turkey under KVKK, including lawful bases, employee notices, special-category data, retention, employee monitoring, overseas transfers, VERBIS, and sanctions. Introduction Employee data protection in Turkey is governed mainly by Law No. 6698 on the Protection of Personal Data (KVKK), supported by Board decisions, KVKK guidance, the Data Controllers’ […]
Introduction Employers in Turkey rarely get into trouble because they ignore labor law entirely. More often, they know the basic rules but apply them too loosely, too late, or too informally. Turkish employment compliance is built on several connected legal regimes, especially Labor Law No. 4857, Law No. 5510 on social security, Law No. 6331 […]
Introduction Foreign employees in Turkey can work lawfully only within a tightly regulated framework. The central statute is Law No. 6735 on International Labour Force, supported by its implementing regulation and the official work permit guidance published by the Ministry of Labour and Social Security. Under the Ministry’s official English FAQ, foreigners who fall within […]
Learn how trade union rights work in Turkey, including union membership, collective bargaining authority, workplace union representatives, strikes, solidarity dues, and protection against union-based dismissal under Turkish law. Introduction Trade union rights in Turkey are protected at both the constitutional and statutory levels. The Constitution recognizes the right of employees and employers to form unions, […]
Introduction Part-time and temporary employment in Turkey are lawful, but they are not legally casual arrangements. Turkish labor law recognizes several flexible work models, yet each of them is governed by its own statutory structure. The main framework comes from Labor Law No. 4857, especially Article 7 on temporary employment relationships and Article 13 on […]
Introduction Just cause termination by the employer under Turkish labor law is one of the most consequential dismissal mechanisms in the entire employment system. Under Article 25 of Labor Law No. 4857, an employer may terminate an employment contract immediately, before the end of the term or without waiting for the ordinary notice periods, when […]
When people think about inheritance in Turkey, they often think first of apartments, land, or family homes. In practice, however, many estates are built just as much around bank accounts, company shares, securities, vehicles, jewelry, and other movable assets. These assets are often easier to hide, quicker to move, and harder to divide than real […]