Introduction Acquiring an existing company can be one of the fastest ways for a foreign investor to enter the Turkish market. Instead of establishing a new business from the beginning, recruiting employees, obtaining customers, negotiating supplier contracts and creating operational infrastructure, the investor may acquire an existing Turkish company with an established business, workforce, licences, […]
Introduction Establishing a company in Turkey with foreign shareholders can provide international investors with direct access to one of the region’s largest consumer and industrial markets. Turkey generally follows an open foreign-investment policy based on equal treatment between domestic and international investors. Foreign individuals and foreign legal entities may generally establish and own Turkish companies […]
Introduction One of the first decisions a foreign entrepreneur or international investor must make when establishing a business in Turkey is choosing the correct legal form. For most commercial investments, the choice eventually comes down to two structures: Limited Liability Company – Limited Şirket (Ltd. Şti.) or Joint Stock Company – Anonim Şirket (A.Ş.) Both […]
Introduction Foreign companies considering the Turkish market do not always need to establish a subsidiary or commercial branch immediately. For international businesses that want to research the Turkish market, coordinate relationships with distributors, monitor suppliers, provide limited technical support or establish a regional management presence without directly generating commercial revenue in Turkey, a liaison office, […]
Introduction Foreign companies planning to conduct business in Turkey do not necessarily have to establish a new Turkish subsidiary. Depending on the commercial strategy, a foreign company may instead establish and register a branch in Turkey. A Turkish branch can be an attractive structure for international companies that want to enter the Turkish market while […]
Introduction Foreign entrepreneurs entering the Turkish market are frequently offered an apparently convenient alternative to establishing a new company: purchasing a ready-made, shelf, dormant or already incorporated Turkish company. The commercial argument often sounds attractive. Instead of dealing with incorporation procedures, the investor is told that the company already has: The investor simply purchases the […]
Introduction Foreign investors do not need to establish a new company from scratch in order to enter the Turkish market. An individual or company established abroad may instead acquire shares in an existing Turkish company and become a shareholder of an operational business. For many international investors, this can be commercially more attractive than incorporating […]
Sending WhatsApp Customer Chats to ChatGPT, Gemini or Claude Under Turkish Data Protection Law Artificial intelligence is rapidly becoming part of ordinary customer service operations. A sales representative may copy a WhatsApp conversation into ChatGPT to draft a reply. A clinic may connect its WhatsApp inbox to Gemini to classify patient requests. An e-commerce company […]
Generative artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Microsoft Copilot and similar large language model-based systems are rapidly becoming part of ordinary corporate workflows. Employees use them to summarise documents, draft emails, analyse contracts, prepare reports, translate correspondence, review CVs, generate marketing materials, write software code and even respond to customers. From a Turkish […]
A Practical Legal Guide to Recovering Seller Funds Withheld by Online Marketplaces Under Turkish Law An online seller may successfully deliver hundreds of orders through a marketplace, issue all required invoices and wait for the expected settlement date—only to discover that the marketplace has suddenly placed the seller’s balance on hold. The seller dashboard may […]